Aperçu pour lecteur d'écran
Paste HTML to see how a screen reader would linearize and announce it. Check your alt text, headings, and ARIA attributes.
Screen Reader Output
?? Research Basis & Sources
Who This Tool Is Designed For
Screen readers are essential assistive technology for people who are blind or have significant vision impairment. According to the WHO World Report on Vision (2019), at least 2.2 billion people worldwide have a near or distance vision impairment, of whom approximately 43 million are blind. The WebAIM Screen Reader Survey (2024) consistently finds that the vast majority of screen reader users are people with disabilities, with blindness being the most common reason for screen reader use. Developers, designers, and content creators use this tool to preview how their HTML will be interpreted by assistive technology � helping identify missing alt text, improper heading structure, unlabelled form controls, and ARIA misuse before they reach end users.
How This Tool Works
This tool parses your HTML using the browser�s native DOMParser (no data leaves your device), then walks the accessibility tree to build a linearized reading order. It checks for images missing alt text, headings that skip levels, links and buttons without accessible names, ARIA roles and labels, and form inputs without associated labels.
Research Citations
- WebAIM (2024). "Screen Reader User Survey #10 Results." webaim.org � The largest ongoing survey of screen reader usage patterns, browser combinations, and accessibility barriers. Consistently finds that headings and landmarks are the primary navigation strategies used by screen reader users.
- World Health Organization (2019). World Report on Vision. � Reports that at least 2.2 billion people globally have a near or distance vision impairment, of whom approximately 43 million are blind.
- Power, C., Freire, A., Petrie, H. & Swallow, D. (2012). "Guidelines are only half of the story: Accessibility problems encountered by blind users on the web." Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '12). � Found that a significant proportion of accessibility problems encountered by blind users were not covered by WCAG guidelines alone, emphasising the need for manual review and screen reader testing.
- Lazar, J., Allen, A., Kleinman, J. & Malarkey, C. (2007). "What frustrates screen reader users on the web: A study of 100 blind users." International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 22(3), 247�269. � Identified missing alt text, unlabelled form fields, and misleading link text among the top frustrations reported by blind web users.
- W3C WAI (2023). "WAI-ARIA Authoring Practices 1.2." � Defines how roles, states, and properties should be used to make dynamic content accessible to assistive technology.
Disclaimer
This tool provides a simplified approximation of screen reader output based on the HTML accessibility tree. Real screen readers (NVDA, JAWS, VoiceOver, TalkBack) differ in how they announce content, handle ARIA attributes, and interact with dynamic widgets. This preview does not replace testing with actual screen readers and real users. It is intended as a development aid to catch common issues early in the authoring process.